Workforce Bulletin

In a win for businesses, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (“SJC”) has ruled that individuals in true franchisor-franchisee relationships are independent contractors. In Patel v. 7-Eleven, Inc., the SJC found that defendant franchisor 7-Eleven, Inc. (“7-Eleven”) did not misclassify certain franchisees in violation of the Commonwealth’s independent contractor statute, M.G.L. c. 149, § 148B, which presumptively considers an individual “performing any service” for a putative employer to be an employee of said putative employer, rather than an independent contractor, unless: (1) the individual is free from control and direction in connection with the performance of the service; (2) the service is performed outside the usual course of the business of the employer; and (3) the individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession or business of the same nature at that involved in the service performed.

In a long saga to determine whether 7-Eleven properly classified certain franchisees as independent contractors, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (“First Circuit”) certified two questions to the SJC. On the first question back in 2022, the SJC ruled that where a franchisee is an “individual performing any service” for a franchisor, the independent contractor statute applies to the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. The decision here involved a second question that the First Circuit certified to the SJC related to the threshold determination of the independent contractor statute:

Do the plaintiffs perform any service for 7-Eleven within the meaning of the independent contractor statute, where, as here, they perform various contractual obligations under the Franchise Agreement and 7-Eleven receives a percentage of the franchise’s gross profits?

Supreme Judicial Court Clarifies Breadth of COVID-19 Tolling Order

During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (“SJC”) entered an order tolling the statutes of limitations applicable to civil claims. Although some practitioners interpreted the order as tolling only those statutes of limitations set to expire while the order was in effect, in Shaw’s Supermarkets, Inc. v. Melendez, SJC-13054 (Sept. 3, 2021), the SJC rejected such a narrow interpretation and held that its order tolled all statutes of limitations, regardless ...

Last week, a divided Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (“SJC”) in Osborne-Trussell v. Children’s Hospital Corp. ruled in favor of a broad interpretation of the 2014 Domestic Violence and Abuse Leave Act (“DVLA”), a law that provides certain employment protections for victims of domestic violence, including a prohibition against retaliation for seeking or using protected leave. Specifically, the DVLA prohibits an employer from taking adverse action against, or otherwise discriminating against, an employee who exercises rights under the DVLA, such as taking ...